In
Italian or
Spanish,
salsa can refer to any type of
sauce, but in
English it usually refers to the spicy, often tomato-based
hot sauces typical of
Mexican cuisine, particularly those used as
dips.
Pronunciation and etymology
Salsa is the Italian and Spanish word for
sauce, from
Latin salsa "salty", from
sal, "
salt"; "saline" and "
salad" are related words. It is usually pronounced
IPA ['sɑɫsə] in English; in Spanish it's pronounced ['salsa].
Well known salsas
Mexican salsas were traditionally produced using the
mortar and pestle-like
molcajete, although
blenders are now more commonly used. Well-known
salsas include
- Salsa roja, "red sauce": used as a condiment in Mexican and southwestern U.S. cuisine, and usually made with cooked tomatoes, chili peppers, onion, garlic, and fresh coriander.
- Salsa cruda ("raw sauce"), also known as pico de gallo ("rooster's beak"), salsa picada ("chopped sauce"), salsa mexicana ("Mexican sauce"), or salsa fresca ("fresh sauce"): made with raw tomatoes, lime juice, chilli peppers, onions, cilantro leaves, and other coarsely chopped raw ingredients.
- Salsa verde, "green sauce": Mexican version made with tomatillos. Sauces made with tomatillos are usually cooked. Italian version made with herbs.
- Salsa taquera, "Taco sauce": Made with tomatillos and morita chili.
- Salsa ranchera, "ranch-style sauce": made with tomatoes, various chilies, and spices. Typically served warm, it possesses a thick, soupy quality. Though it contains none, it imparts a characteristic flavor reminiscent of black pepper.
- Salsa brava, "wild sauce": a mildly spicy sauce, often flavored with paprika. On top of potato wedges, it makes the dish patatas bravas, typical of tapas bars in Spain.
- Guacamole: usually any sauce where the main ingredient is avocado.
- Mole (pronounced mole ['mo.le]): a Mexican sauce made from chili peppers mixed with spices, unsweetened chocolate, almonds, and other ingredients.
There are many other salsas, both traditional and
nouveau: for instance, some are made with
mint,
pineapple, or
mango.
Health issues
Care should be taken in the preparation and storage of salsa, since many raw-served varieties can serve as a growth medium for potentially dangerous bacteria, especially when unrefrigerated. In
2002, a study appearing in the journal
Annals of Internal Medicine, conducted by the University of Texas-Houston Medical School, found that 66% of the sauces tested (71 samples tested, sauces being either: salsa,
guacamole, or
pico de gallo) from restaurants in
Guadalajara,
Jalisco and 40% of those from
Houston,
Texas, were contaminated with
E. coli bacteria, although only the sauces from Guadalajara contained the types of
E. coli that cause diarrhea. The researchers found that the Mexican sauces from Guadalajara contained fecal contaminants and higher levels of the bacteria more frequently than those of the sauces from Houston, possibly as a result of more common improper refrigeration of the Mexican sauces.
American commercially prepared salsa
Most jarred, canned, and bottled salsa and picante sauces sold in the United States in
grocery stores under brand names like
La Victoria,
Tostitos,
Pace,
Clint's Picante,
Old El Paso,
Taco Bell, and
Newman's Own are forms of
salsa cruda/
pico de gallo, but to increase their shelf life, have been cooked and have
vinegar added.
Unlike fresh
salsa cruda, these commercial jarred, canned, and bottled salsas typically have a semi-liquid texture more akin to that of canned tomatoes, and often resemble chunky commercial spaghetti sauces. So-called "chunky salsa" appears to currently be the most popular form of jarred salsa. More expensive brands tend to have more chunks of vegetables in them.
While some salsa fans decry these products as not real
salsa cruda, their widespread availability and long shelf life are credited with much of salsa's enormous popularity in states outside of the southwest, especially in places where salsa isn't a traditional part of the cuisine.
Many grocery stores in the United States also sell "fresh," refrigerated salsa, usually in plastic containers. Fresh salsa is usually more expensive and has a shorter shelf life than canned or jarred salsa. It may or may not contain vinegar.
There are fresh all-natural jarred salsa products produced regionally as well that don't use artificial ingredients or chemicals to enhance shelf life. Among the most well known are
Jack's Special made by
Garden Fresh Salsa in
Ferndale, Michigan,
El Pinto Salsa made by
The Salsa Twins and Jim & John Thomas in
New Mexico. In 1992,
Packaged Facts, a food marketing research group, found that the dollar amount of salsa sales had overtaken those of ketchup (but not in total volume). This may be partly due to salsa spoiling faster than other condiments, and may be purchased more often than condiments with longer shelf lives.
Picante sauce is a term coined by condiment maker David Pace for his own version of salsa. Picante sauce is usually a little more pureed than bottled salsa, but is chunkier than fresh red salsa.
Picante is a Spanish adjective that derives from
picar, which means "to sting", referring to the feeling caused by salsas on one's tongue.
External results
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